Frank and Isobel Hawking Stephen William Hawking eldest of four children, is a source of pride for the Galileo-long 300 anniversary of the death of the renowned physicist was born on January 8, 1942. He is the Oxford, England, was born in a family of thinkers. His Scottish mother had to earn his way to Oxford University in 1930, a time when few women were able to College. His father, a graduate of Oxford, with a specialty in tropical disease researcher, was a respected teacher.
Stephen Hawking's birth, his father, who did not have a lot of money came at an inappropriate time. There was also tense political climate, in England, and the German World War II bomb attack was to address. In an effort to seek a safe place, Isobel back to the couple's first child in Oxford. Hawkings two children, Mary (1943) and Phillipa (1947) will be there. Their second son, Edward, was adopted in 1956.
Hawkings, a close family friend, describing them as an "eccentric" was a bunch. The silence was eating dinner often, Hawkings intently reading a book each. The family car was an old London taxi, and St. Albans, their home was a three-story fixer-upper that never quite fixed. Hawkings basement also housed the bees and the fireworks produced in the greenhouse.
Hawking's father in 1950, the National Institute of Medical Research to conduct the work of the Department of Parasitology, and spent the winter in Africa doing research. His eldest son wanted to go into medicine, but a younger age, Hawking showed a passion for science and the sky. His mother, who, along with her children, often out in the backyard to look up at the stars on summer evenings stretch was evident." He always had a strong sense of surprise," he recalls. "I can see that it will attract the stars."
His academic life
Hawking, the brilliant initially recognized as an exceptional student did not have. St. Albans, in his first year at school, he was third from the bottom of his class. But Hawking focused on pursuits outside of school; He likes board games, and he and a few close friends to create their own new games. Hawking during his teens, along with several friends, recycled parts of a computer solution for the construction of rudimentary mathematical equation.
Hawking was frequently on the go. Hawking's sister Mary, who likes to climb, worried family home in a variety of entry routes. He remained active at the age of 17, he still loved to dance, and took an interest in rowing, become a pilot group at the University College of Oxford University.
Hawking expressed a desire to study mathematics, but did not offer a degree in the specialty in Oxford, Hawking physics and, more specifically, to cosmology gravitated.
By his own account, Hawking was not a lot of time in his research. He later calculated that he would average about an hour a day, focusing on school. And yet he really did not have to do much more than that. In 1962, he graduated with honors in natural sciences and a PhD in cosmology at the University of Cambridge in Trinity Hall went to join.
ALS diagnosis
Hawking first to notice problems with his physical health on the occasion when he was at Oxford that he will stumble and fall into the scandal began his speech in his first year at Cambridge in 1963, he did not see the problem. For the most part, Hawking himself had these symptoms. But when he saw many of Hawking with his father to see a doctor. For the next two weeks, 21-year-old college student in a medical clinic, where he underwent a series of tests in his home.
"They have my arm, stuck electrodes taking a muscle sample some radio-opaque liquid, and injected into my spine, and it's going up and down with X-rays, as they watched tilted bed," he once said. "After all that, they told me I had to do, but it was not multiple sclerosis, and I was an atypical case."
Even then, doctors did not know what their son was sick about Hawkings: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) was at an early stage. A very simple sense, the nerves that controlled his muscles were shut down. The doctors gave him two and a half years to live.
That was devastating news for Hawking and his family. A few facts, however, prevented him from completely frustrated. The first came when Hawking was in the hospital. He shared a room with a boy suffering from leukemia. What was going through his roommates relative, Hawking later reflected, her condition seemed more tolerable. After a long time he was released from the hospital, Hawking is a dream that he was going to be executed. He dreams of his life to make him realize that if he said anything yet.
But the most important change in his life that he was in love. In 1963, a New Year party, a moment ago, he was diagnosed with ALS, Hawking met a young graduate each named Jane Wilde. In 1965, they were married.
In a sense, the eminent scientist Hawking's disease, she was motivated to today. Before diagnosis, he has always focused on his research. He said "Before my condition was diagnosed, I was bored with life too,". "There seemed to be something not worth doing." Suddenly realized that he could not even live long enough to earn his PhD with his work and research Hawking poured myself.
Research on black holes
Other young cosmologist Roger Penrose, Hawking's universe began and how lucky star in his own fascination tapped from the groundbreaking findings about the creation of black holes. Of course this is a career that shape the way the world thinks about black holes and the universe on the set.
His body, diminished (by 1969 he'd be forced to use a wheelchair) physical control over, its time to start to slow down the effects of the disease. In 1968, a year after the birth of her son Robert Hawking of Cambridge, was elected a member of the Institute of Astronomy.
Hawking was a fruitful time for the next few years. Daughter, Lucy, Stephen and Jane was born in 1969, when his research, Hawking continued. (A third son, Timothy, 10 years later.) Then he published his first book, space-time (1973), the highly reliable large scale structure, G.F.R. With Alice. He expanded on the work of his friend's earlier teamed up with Penrose.
In 1974, Hawking made him a celebrity in the world of scientific research has shown that black hole of information vacuums when he felt that they were not scientists. Simple speaking, Hawking showed that matter, in the form of radiation, can not escape the gravitational force of a collapsed star. Hawking radiation was born.
Throughout the scientific world the announcement sent shock waves of excitement, and in a way that rewards, reputation and has been marked by the prominent title on the Hawking. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 32 was named, and later won the prestigious Albert Einstein Award, among other honors.
Teaching tour followed. A: Pasadena, California, where Hawking, making subsequent visits over the years as a visiting professor at Caltech was served. Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge another. In 1979, Hawking found himself back at Cambridge University, where he was named one of education's most prominent post, dating back to 1663: Lucasian Professor of Mathematics.
'A Brief History of Time'
Hawking's ever-expanding career was, however, always a bad physical state. By the mid-1970s, Hawking Hawking family has taken care of his graduate students, and to help manage the work. He could feed himself and still get out of bed, but virtually everything else you need assistance. In addition, in his speech has become increasingly insulting, so that only those who knew him and understand him. In 1985, he lost his voice for good following a tracheotomy. As a result, the situation for the acclaimed physicist required 24-hour nursing care.
Hawking's ability to do its job to keep it fresh. Predicament California computer programmer, who say that the program can be directed to the head or eye movement drew the attention of his superior. Hawking developed a computer screen that is then passed through a speech synthesizer is allowed to select the word. His role, Hawking, who at the time I still had to use his finger with a handheld clicker has chosen his words. Today, virtually all control over her body, with a cheek Hawking program directed by a sensor attached to the muscle.
Programs, and through the great Stephen Hawking continues to write a prolific rate. His work in many scientific papers, of course, but also includes information for non-scientific community.
Hawking 1988, Commander of the Order of the British Empire is a recipient, a brief history of the publication of the international prominent catapulted. Short, informative book is an account of cosmology for the masses. There was an instant success in the London Sunday Times' best-seller list for more than four years spending above. Since its publication, it millions of copies have been sold worldwide and have been translated into more than 40 languages. But it was not easy to understand, as some had hoped. So in 2001, Hawking Universe in a nutshell, the theory of cosmology, which is also followed up his book with a pictorial guidelines. Four years later, he is even more accessible to a briefer history.
Together the book, Hawking's own research and papers, along with physicist personal search for the holy grail of science to articulate: a single unified theory of quantum mechanics in cosmology (the study of) can combine (small study), explaining how the universe began. It is ambitious thinking, who claims he can not remember in 11 shades, for mankind to keep out some of the possibilities of this kind are permitted Hawking. He is convinced that time travel is possible, and indeed the future of the human colonization of other planets can.
Space Travel and more Fame
Hawking's quest for answers to the big question of his own personal desire to travel into space. In 2007, at the age of 65, Hawking made an important step towards space travel. While visiting the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, he was given the opportunity to experience an environment without gravity. Atlantic, Hawking, a modified Boeing 727 over the course of two hours on a bus, was released from his wheelchair to experience weightlessness of the explosion. Physicist pictures floating freely across newspapers around the globe splashed.
Zero-G part was wonderful, and the high-G part was no problem. I could walk. Space, here I come! "She said.
If there is such a thing as a rock star scientist, Stephen Hawking embodies it. The Simpsons have included guest appearances in popular culture was his, Star Trek: Next Generation, a comedy with Jim Carrey comedian on Late Night with Conan O'Brien fraud, and even a recorded voice-overs on the Pink Floyd song "Keep Talking." In 1992, Oscar winning filmmaker Errol Morris, a documentary about the life of Hawking, a brief history of time, aptly titled release.
Of course, as with any celebrity is, Hawking's personal life with an interest in the reputation it has brought. Some of the news has been developing and events. In 1990, Jane Hawking left his wife and one of his nurse, Elaine Mason. They married in 1995, and the marriage of her own children from those who claim to Elaine Hawking's relationship with their father on the pressure off. In 2003, Hawking nurses caring for her husband
In 2006, he and Elaine Hawking filed for divorce. Since years, physicists have apparently grown close with his family. The Jane, who remarried Milan, and a 2007 science books for children, George's Secret Key to the Universe, his daughter, Lucy wrote.
Hawking's health, of course, is a constant concern-a concern that was heightened in 2009 when he failed to appear at a conference in Arizona because of a chest infection remains. In April, Hawking, Lucasian professor of mathematics at Cambridge, who has already announced he is retiring after 30 years, was hospitalized for what is being described as the officers were "sick." Later it was announced that she was expecting a full recovery.
Hawking, Sir Richard Branson's space tourism as one of the leading space is scheduled to fly to the end. In 2007, he said, "the lives of the world, such as sudden global warming, nuclear war, a genetically virus or other dangers of being wiped out by a disaster, as the risk is growing. I think the human race has no future if it does not go into space. So the public interest in space If you want to encourage. "
In September 2010, Hawking believed that God could have created the universe in his book, The Grand Design, spoke against. Hawking argued before the modern scientific theories can be compatible with belief in a Creator. His new work, however, concluded that there was nothing in the law is the result of the Big Bang, and physics. "As a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing," Hawking said. "Spontaneous creation, but because there is nothing, why the universe exists, there is nothing better than our existence. "
The Grand Design Hawking's first major publication was in nearly a decade. In his new work, Hawking has been designed by Sir Isaac Newton's belief that the God of the universe, could not have been born out of chaos simply because it set out to challenge. "It's called the light blue touch paper and set the universe does not need to be going," Hawking said.
Hawking made the news in 2012 for two very different projects. It is known that a new headband-style device called iBrain took part in a 2011 trial. The device, according to an article in the New York Times, after which the algorithm is explained by a particular "electrical brain signals, the waves" by picking the wearer's thoughts "reading" is designed for. This device is a revolutionary aid Hawking and others with ALS can be.
TV and Movies
Also around this time, Hawking showed off his humorous side of American television. The Big Bang theory, young, geeky a popular comedy about a group of scientists made a guest appearance. Playing himself, Hawking theoretical physicist Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons) has returned to Earth after finding an error in his work. Hawking has achieved fame for their efforts on this issue laughter hell.
In 2014, Stephen Hawking, among other top scientists, spoke out about the potential dangers of artificial intelligence or AI, AI is calling for more research to be done all the possible ramifications. Their comments odds Johnny Depp film, which also features a clash between humanity and technology is inspired by. " The biggest events in human history is AI success ," the scientists wrote. "Unfortunately, it may be the last, unless we know how to avoid the risk." This technology will be a time when the group warned that "financial markets outsmarting, out-of-inventor of the researcher, leader of the people manipulating obsolete, and developing a firearm does not even understand."
In November same year, a film about the life of Stephen Hawking and Jane Wilde was released. Eddie Redmaynea’s the theory of Hawking and his first day of school life and her courtship and marriage to Wild, the crippling disease and its scientific advances victory encompasses.
And new theories of alien life
In the summer of 2015 Hawking was back in the headlines. In July, he held a press conference in London Listen to the launch of a project called Breakthrough. Russian entrepreneur Yuri Milner funded by Breakthrough discovery of extraterrestrial life in order to devote more resources to be made here.
The next month, at a conference in Sweden Hawking's new theory about black holes and unsatisfactory to discuss the "information paradox." What is an object that enters a black hole, Hawking proposed that information about the physical condition of the object known as an outer boundary of the 2D form is stored in the "event horizon." Noting that black holes "eternal prison, they are not thinking," He opened the possibility that the information could be released into the universe to the other.
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